WORD-FORMATION
Definition:- The formation of words in a language by the processes of derivation and composition.
‘Word’ के Base form (आधार रूप) से नए शब्द का निर्माण करना Word Formation कहलाता है। निम्न लिखित प्रकार से Word formation किया जा सकता है।
1. Through PREFIX
2. Through SUFFIX
1. Through PREFIX:-
Base word के पहले एक Syllable लगाकर नया word बनाया जा सकता है। Prefix एक syllable है जो मूल शब्द के पहले लगता है।
Ex:-
1. anti+freeze = antifreeze
2. anti+social = antisocial
3. un+aware = unaware
4. sub+conscious = subconscious
5. non+sense = nonsense
6. fore+see = foresee
7. under+age = underage
8. under+water = underwater
9. inter+lock = interlock
10. pre+caution = precaution
मूल शब्द से पहले im, in, ir, il, re, em, en, de, un, dis, mis, pre, non, mini, semi, vice इत्यादि कुछ syllable लगाकर नये शब्द का निर्माण किया जा सकता है। इस तरह के बहुत से Prefix हैं, जिनसे नए शब्द का निर्माण होता है।
Ex:-
1. im+ polite = impolite
2. ir+regular = irregular
3. em+power = empower
4. in+discipline = indiscipline
5. il+legal = illegal
2. Through SUFFIX:-
Base word के बाद एक syllable लगाकर भी नया शब्द बनाया जा सकता है। Suffix एक syllable है जो मूल शब्द के बाद लगता है।
Ex:-
1. assist+ant = assistant
2. refer+ee = referee
3. teach+er = teacher
4. spoon+ful = spoonful
5. paint+ing = painting
6. measure+ment = measurement
7. happy+ness = happiness
8. care+less = careless
9. life+like = lifelike
10. quick+ly = quickly
मूल शब्द के बाद में ed, ost, ing, en, ish, ful, ly, ship, ness, less इत्यादि लगाकर नए शब्द का निर्माण किया जा सकता है।
Ex:-
1. Social+ist = socialist
2. self+ish = selfish
3. colour+ful = colourful
4. grace+ful = graceful
5. good+ness = goodness
CONVERSION OF WORDS
Changing Noun into Adjective:-
1. Angle = Angular
2. Ancestor = Ancestral
3. Authority = Authoritative
4. Advice = Advisable
5. Brother = Fraternal
6. Blue = Bluish
Changing Noun into Verb:-
1. Authority = Authorize
2. Hard = Harden
3. Harmony = Harmonize
4. Apology = Apologize
5. Body = Embody
6. Circle = Encircle
Changing Noun into Abstract Noun:-
1. Beggar = Beggary
2. Coin = Coinage
3. Coward = Cowardice
4. Cunning = Cunningness
5. Elector = Electorate
6. Hero = Heroism
Changing Adjective into Verb:-
1. Abundant = Abound
2. Bitter = Embitter
3. Brief = Abbreviate
4. Brutal = Brutalize
5. Clear = Clarify
6. Fertile = Fertilize
Changing Noun into Noun:-
1. Adequate = Adequacy
2. Bankrupt = Bankrupety
3. Chaste = Chastity
4. Civil = Civility
5. Compulsory = compulsion
6. Grand = Grandeur
Changing Verb into Noun:-
1. Acquit = Acquittal
2. Betray = Betrayal
3. Deceive = Deception
4. Conceive = Conception
5. Commit = Committal
6. Precise = Precision
